Ibn Hawqal, b and d ? Arab geographer, merchant, and traveler of the 10th century. He is the author of a narrative (977), in which he retells the story of the three kinds of Rus’ people and gives a description of Kyiv. He mentions the rout of the Volga Bulgars and the Khazars by the people of Rus’ ca 969, possibly by the Kyivan prince, Sviatoslav I Ihorovych.