Walter, Alexander or Valter (Вальтер, Александр), b 9 January 1818 in Revel (now Tallinn), Estonia, d 14 October 1889 in Warsaw. German physician, anatomist, and physiologist. A graduate of Tartu University (1841), he lectured on physiological anatomy at Kyiv University (1843, as professor from 1847). In 1874 he was appointed medical inspector of civilian hospitals in Warsaw. In his numerous publications he dealt with the physiological effects of heat and cold in organisms, the production of heat in animals, and the sympathetic nervous system. His Kurs anatomii chelovecheskogo tela (A Course in the Anatomy of the Human Body, 1852) went through several editions, and he was the founder and editor of the paper Sovremennaia meditsina (1860–81).

[This article originally appeared in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5 (1993).]